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中秋是阖家团圆的传统节日。今年各大视听平台推出的中秋晚会上,传统文化成为主要创意来源。中央广播电视总台中秋晚会在舞台设计上以流水、小桥、亭台、桂树等传统元素营造出意境悠远的表演空间,河南卫视《中秋奇妙游》、陕西卫视《送你一个长安》和哔哩哔哩视频网站《花好月圆会》等也都创造性地使用传统元素,视听效果令人耳目一新。这集中体现了近年来文化类节目创作的共同特点和趋势。

舞台逻辑侧重现场观演效果,视听逻辑侧重最终媒介呈现效果。相比于以往舞台直播或转播,在今年大多数中秋晚会创作中,视听逻辑替代了舞台逻辑,成为节目的创意基础,观众直观感受到“在屏幕上看效果更好”。由于拍摄现场已经没有传统意义上的现场观众,以往以舞台效果为基准设计的灯光、舞美、服装、主持人走位和电视转播机位等,就可围绕最终媒介呈现效果进行重构。于是,主持人从节目播报员变成了故事叙述人和不同表演时空的串联者。转播机位更多围绕表演动作进行更复杂的移动镜头设计,能够充分凸显表演、服饰、置景本身的美学特质。

逻辑更新带来传统文化表现方式的不同。在影视化服化道和视听语言助力下,传统文化呈现方式日益多样。河南卫视今年中秋晚会节目《戏韵》等延续了影视化呈现风格,一条时长5分钟的长镜头,带领观众跟随主角唐晓月走进后台,领略一系列传统戏曲相关非遗项目及其传承人风采,直到饰演二郎神的演员上台,才切换为戏台上的正式表演。过去,戏曲唱段多以舞台形式呈现,基于视听逻辑创新后,不仅融入整台晚会的故事里,而且台前幕后、衣箱妆容都得到细致呈现,对传统文化的表达更加立体多元、巧妙得当。

媒体融合为传统文化当代转化提供了有效手段。顺应互联网传播规律,晚会创作者统筹调用现场舞美、实景道具、增强现实、视频画面等,推动晚会演出向情境化、景观化方向发展。内容和形式的不同要素借助融媒体技术,实现拼贴与叠加,增加了节目的文化内涵。歌曲《万疆》演唱者在古画《秋山草堂图》《东山草堂图》《仿黄鹤山樵山水图》中穿行,曲词与画意深度融合,带来“人在画中游”的唯美观感。

传统文化与当代文化要素的融合,也推动了转化创新。诗词、书画、戏曲、皮影等艺术与现代流行元素相交融,更加具有时代感。哔哩哔哩视频网站中秋晚会节目《把酒问月》在社交平台广为流传。节目服饰参考敦煌艺术研究者范文藻、常沙娜临摹的五代时期敦煌造像,音乐则使用了考古学家和音乐学家根据敦煌壁画拓印谱提取的基本旋律。节目没有满足于介绍历史知识、呈现文物原貌,而是参考一些影视剧中“花车斗彩”场景,设计出一套虚拟场景统摄传统要素和当代形式,作曲家、歌手、舞者、视频创作者,在融合性表演情境中共同参与传承创新。

我们注意到,传统节日已经成为中华优秀传统文化传承创新的重要契机。今年几台中秋晚会,为创新传统文化的视听表达提供了有益参考。当前,主流媒体和各大视听平台正在发挥各自优势,吸纳各方创作力量,形成文化传承创新的有效主体,探寻高质量传承创新道路,未来值得期待。

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